Based on your docker info output, namely this section:
...
Kernel Version: 5.15.148-6.8.1+git.1cbf48124747
Operating System: TorizonCore 6.8.1+build.25 (kirkstone)
OSType: linux
Architecture: aarch64
...
It would appear you are executing Docker commands in the context of the Toradex module and not your host PC.
You, probably have the DOCKER_HOST environment variable set due to VSCode. Check if this variable is set, and if so unset it when running any Docker based operation. This is basically the same issue as in this other thread: Docker info Architecture in the vscode terminal
Best Regards,
Jeremias